PPT-Crown ether Ethers are compounds having two alkyl or aryl groups.

Crown ether is molecules containing HC amp O atoms each oxygen atom is bound between two of the C atoms and arranged in a ring They are based on repeating OCH2CH2 derived from ethylene glycol HOCH2CH2OH. 1 Phenolic Ethers Alkyl Phenolics Heterocyclic Ethers Larger PAH 500 600 700 800 900 Figure 1 Formation of biomass tars and example of compounds formed Preparation of . Haloalkanes. . by Halogenation. Preparation . Aryl Chlorides . by . Electrophilic. Substitution. Halogen . Exchange. Free radical chlorination or . bromination. of . alkanes. gives a complex 287 . . Ethers are relatively unreactive.. Ethers are often used as solvents in organic reactions.. Ethers oxidize in air to form explosive hydroperoxides and peroxides.. “Crown” ethers are useful as enhancers in nucleophilic substitution and other reactions. Epoxides. 1. Ethers and Their Relatives. An . ether. . has two organic groups (alkyl, aryl, or vinyl) bonded to the same oxygen atom, R–O–R. . Diethyl ether is used industrially as a solvent. Ether. Chemistry 11. Ms. McGrath. Ethers. General formula: Ethers are organic compounds that have two alkyl groups joined by an oxygen atom.. R-O-R’, where R and R’ are two alkyl groups (they can be the same or different). Dr. . Shatha. I . Alaqeel. 108 . Chem. Learning Objectives. Chapter five discusses the following topics and by the end of this chapter the students will:. . . Recognize the structure and classes of alkyl halides. Dr. Talat R. Al-. Ramadhany. Aryl halides (. Ar. -x. ). Aryl . halides are organic compounds containing halogen atom attached to an aromatic ring. They have the general formula . ArX. , where (. Ar. 45. -Alcohols . have the general formula R. -. OH and are characterized by the presence of a . hydroxyl group, . -. OH. . -Phenols . have a hydroxyl group attached directly to an aromatic ring. . -Thiols . 1435-1436. 2014-2015. Learning Objectives. . Understand the. . resonance description of structure of benzene. Understand the hybridization in benzene. Understand the relation between the stability of benzene and resonance energy. Ether Nomenclature. Compounds that contain two organic groups attached to an oxygen atom. General formula is . 1. Common Names. Name both groups attached to the oxygen in alphabetical order. Add the word ether. Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University. http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/melnewehy. Organic Halogen Compounds. Classes and Nomenclature of Halogen Compounds. - Alkyl halides. , . R-X.. - Depending on the type of carbon to which the halogen is attached, . . The cycles of wickedness and calamity observed among the Nephites had also occurred among the Jaredites. It is difficult to imagine a more thorough warning to latter-day people.. . . Ether 12:6. Salvant. University of Utah. Lipitor. Aryl Fluorination. Wiki . Page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balz%E2%80%93Schiemann_reaction. Overview: . Aryl . fluorines. are present in two of the top 10 grossing drugs (Lipitor and . Kontur. , W. S. . et al.. . “A heterodimeric glutathione . S. -transferase that . stereospecifically. breaks lignin’s β(R)-aryl ether bond reveals the diversity of bacterial β-. etherases. .” .