PPT-Human genetics: Human Chromosomes, Human Karyotype

Important Notes For revision only Objectives Describe the number structure and classification of human chromosomes  Explain what a Karyotype is and how it is obtained  Describe chromosomal banding and explain its use . A chart of chromosome pairs arranged by length and location of the centromere. How are karyotypes made?. Somatic cells (remember these are body cells) in metaphase are grown and then dropped onto a slide bursting the nucleus. . Genetics and Heredity . See what you remember..  . Directions:. Fill in the blanks with vocabulary terms from the list below.. All organisms reproduce, or make more organisms that are similar to themselves. ______________________ also involves the passing of traits from one parent to offspring. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called _____________________________. A _____________ is a set of instructions for an inherited trait. For example, a gene may contain the instructions that determine the color of a person’s eyes. The genes are located on structures inside a cell called _____________________________. After scientists recognized that chromosomes store the genetic information, they began an intensive search to learn more about the structure and chemical composition of chromosomes.. diploid. Sex cells (gametes/germ cells) have only one set of chromosomes . . = . haploid. . That means when fertilization . occurs, the new individual will. have the correct number of chromosomes.. Objectives. State the history of genetics;. Describe major century events;. Define terms used in genetics . History of Genetics. People have known about inheritance for a long time.. --children resemble their parents. Vocabulary. Karyotype. Autosome. Sex chromosome. Nondisjunction. Monosomy. Trisomy. Pedigree. Carrier. Restriction enzyme. Restriction site. Restriction fragment. Sticky ends. Recombination. Gel electrophoresis. cytogeneticsDaniel Weisdorf MDUniversity of MinnesotaFebruary 10 2015Reporting cytogeneticsWhat is itTerminologyClinical valueWhat details are importantDiagnostic ToolsMicroscope What do the cells 22 pairs of autosomes. 1 pair of sex chromosomes. XX = Female, XY = Male. Karyotype - chromosomes are arranged according to shape and size. AN EXTRA COPY OF CHROMOSOME 21 CAUSES DOWN SYNDROME. This condition is called . Biologists study Genetics to find out what controls we can have on disease and traits that are passed on though the generations.. Traits. are the characteristics that may be passed on some may be visible and others may be not or difficult to see. . : is the general morphology of the somatic chromosome. Generally, . karyotypes. represent by arranging in the descending order of size keeping their . centromeres. in a straight line.. Idiotype. : the . karyotype. is an important clinical method for diagnosing genetic disorders.  Explain why it is useful for diagnosing . monosomies. and . trisomies. .”  . (3 marks). Key Ideas. karyotype. = photograph of all the chromosomes in a cell. 171 Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder which is characterized by the complete or partial absence of the X chromosome. The incidence is 1/2500 female live births. The main clinical findings are The recent cytological findings have also condemned the view that chromosomes have pellicle, matrix and chromonemata.A. Nucleolus organizer B. Chromosome C. NucleolusThe structure of chromosomes and g They are also called as mega chromosomes. . These chromosomes are very long and thick in appearance during metaphase than normal chromosomes.. Hence they are called as Giant chromosomes.. The Giant chromosomes are of two types-. LEC 3 genetic. Cytogenetic disorders: . Karyotype. . is a . paragraphic. representation of a stained metaphase spread in which the chromosomes are arranged in order of decreasing length.. Giemsa. stain .