PPT-1. The meaning of oligopoly, and why it occurs

2 Why oligopolists have an incentive to act in ways that reduce their combined profit and why they can benefit from collusion 3 How our understanding of oligopoly can be enhanced by using game theory especially the concept of the prisoners dilemma . “. the communicative value an expression has by virtue of. . what it refers to. , . over and above its purely conceptual content” (Leech, 1974: 14) . For example, . the word ‘woman’ is defined conceptually by three properties ‘human’, ‘female’, ‘adult’. In addition, the word includes other psychological and social properties such as ‘gregarious’, ‘subject to maternal instinct’. Leech maintains that ‘woman’ has the putative properties of being frail, prone to tears, and emotional. Professor Nicolas Petit, University of Liege. OECD Roundtable on Oligopoly Markets, 16 June 2015. Goals of the . presentation. Case for more . ex post . enforcement. . against. . tacit. collusion. Definition. Irony. is a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words. It may also be a situation that may end up in quite a different way than what is generally anticipated. In simple words, it is a difference between the appearance and the reality. . Dr. Mark Alfino. Philosophy Department. Gonzaga University. March 26, 2012 . Jacques Derrida. July 15, 1930 – October 9, 2004. Postmodern Slogans. There is nothing outside the text.. Man is an invention of recent date. And one perhaps nearing an end.. Vanity of vanities! All is vanity.. I. There is no purpose or meaning found in the world.. Vanity of vanities! All is vanity.. II. God is completely happy and satisfied in His own glory.. But our God is in the heavens;. Perfect Competition. Monopolistic Competition. Oligopoly. Monopoly. No Barriers to Entry (2 answers). Perfect Competition. Monopolistic Competition. Oligopoly. Monopoly. Interdependence. Perfect Competition. Aims. Explain the meaning of oligopoly. Key Concepts. Oligopoly. Collude. Cartels. Price War. An oligopoly occurs when a few firms dominate a market.. In the UK. Car industry. The petrol market. The airline industry. Story #1 – Rope Burn. h. umiliation . hu. -mil-i-. ation. fringes . frin-ges. expectations ex-. pect. -a-. tions. coaxed coax-. ed. sincere sin-. cere. hesitating . hes. -i-ta-ting. FSA Reading . Targeted Standards Review. Definition: Context Clues. A . context clue . is a hint in the text that can help a reader figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word. Where in the world is the context clue?. Story . #6 . – . My . Abuelita. wistful . wist-ful. . grateful grate-. ful. . grim gr-. im. raspy . ras-py. swarmed . swar. -med. revelers rev-el-. ers. irresistible . ir. -re-. sist. 11b - Oligopoly. Oligopoly. 1. Characteristics and Examples. 2. Nature of the Demand Curve. 3. Short Run Equilibrium . 4. Long Run Equilibrium and Efficiency. 5. Other Issues. ARE BUSINESSES EFFICIENT?. 13. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Copyright. . © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.. Monopolistic Competition. Relatively large number of sellers. Small market shares. No collusion. Independent action. Status is ubiquitous in modern life, yet our understanding of its role as a driver of inequality is limited.  In Status, sociologist and social psychologist Cecilia Ridgeway examines how this ancient and universal form of inequality influences today’s ostensibly meritocratic institutions and why it matters. Ridgeway illuminates the complex ways in which status affects human interactions as we work together towards common goals, such as in classroom discussions, family decisions, or workplace deliberations. Ridgeway’s research on status has important implications for our understanding of social inequality. Distinct from power or wealth, status is prized because it provides affirmation from others and affords access to valuable resources. Ridgeway demonstrates how the conferral of status inevitably contributes to differing life outcomes for individuals, with impacts on pay, wealth creation, and health and wellbeing. Status beliefs are widely held views about who is better in society than others in terms of esteem, wealth, or competence. These beliefs confer advantages which can exacerbate social inequality. Ridgeway notes that status advantages based on race, gender, and class—such as the belief that white men are more competent than others—are the most likely to increase inequality by facilitating greater social and economic opportunities. Ridgeway argues that status beliefs greatly enhance higher status groups’ ability to maintain their advantages in resources and access to positions of power and make lower status groups less likely to challenge the status quo. Many lower status people will accept their lower status when given a baseline level of dignity and respect—being seen, for example, as poor but hardworking. She also shows that people remain willfully blind to status beliefs and their effects because recognizing them can lead to emotional discomfort. Acknowledging the insidious role of status in our lives would require many higher-status individuals to accept that they may not have succeeded based on their own merit many lower-status individuals would have to acknowledge that they may have been discriminated against. Ridgeway suggests that inequality need not be an inevitable consequence of our status beliefs. She shows how status beliefs can be subverted—as when we reject the idea that all racial and gender traits are fixed at birth, thus refuting the idea that women and people of color are less competent than their male and white counterparts. This important new book demonstrates the pervasive influence of  status on social inequality and suggests ways to ensure that it has a less detrimental impact on our lives. Topic 8 | Part 1 30 May 2013. Date. . A. ntitrust Economics 2013. David S. Evans. University of Chicago, Global Economics Group. . Elisa Mariscal. CIDE, ITAM, CPI. . Overview. Role of Oligopolies in the Economy.