PPT-Designing monitoring programs for amphibians and their pathogens using environmental DNA

Caren Goldberg Katherine Strickler Alexander Fremier Environmental DNA eDNA Di Rosa et al 2007 Bd Grayfer et al 2012 Ranavirus Environmental DNA sampling eDNA project focus Under what circumstances is eDNA sampling more efficient than standard field surveys. Classification. Kingdom: Animalia. Phylum: Chordata. Subphylum: Vertebrates. Class: Amphibians. Examples- frogs, toads, salamanders newts. The Link. Amphibians-link between aquatic fish & terrestrial reptile animals.. Director. Eugenia . Semutnikova. , . ph.D. www.mosecom.ru. E-mail: info@mosecom.ru. Department for Natural Resources Management . and Environmental Protection of Moscow . State . Environmental Protection Institution. Introduction. All pathogenic microorganisms implicated in foodborne diseases are considered enteric pathogens, except . S. . aureus. , B. cereus, C. botulinum. C. . perfringens. , and toxigenic molds.. Chapter 34. “Never grow . a wishbone . where your backbone ought to be” . -Clementine . Paddleford. Origin of . Tetrapods. First . tetrapods. diverged 365 million years ago . (________). ________________________and shallow inland lakes with muddy bottoms likely selected for early . Plants provide us with . food. , . materials. . and . breathable air. . . We . depend on plants . for our survival.. But plants can catch diseases, just like we do.. When . there’s . an . outbreak . Adaptations to Meet Challenges of Life on Land. Challenges of Life on Land vs. Water. Adaptation to Meet Challenge . Air much less buoyant than water so must move against gravity. Limbs develop;. skeletal and muscle systems become stronger. Test 2: Amphibians and Reptiles:. Objective 1: Describe the characteristics of Modern Amphibians. Objective 2: Describe characteristics of the following orders: (. Apoda. , . Urodela. , . Anura. ). Give examples of each.. Adaptations to Meet Challenges of Life on Land. Challenges of Life on Land vs. Water. Adaptation to Meet Challenge . Air much less buoyant than water so must move against gravity. Limbs develop;. skeletal and muscle systems become stronger. DNA damage DNA gets damaged a lot ! DNA damage DNA gets damaged a lot! >200,000 events/human cell/day DNA damage Occurs 2 ways 1) spontaneously 2) mutagens : damage DNA Transposons Discovered by Barbara McClintock Amphibians “Double Life” Adaptations to Meet Challenges of Life on Land Challenges of Life on Land vs. Water Adaptation to Meet Challenge Air much less buoyant than water so must move against gravity Amphibians and Reptiles Class Amphibia Amphibia =Double Life Frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians ~6000 species Skin with mucoid secretions, lack epidermal scales, feathers or hair Larvae are usually aquatic and Infection: Results when a pathogen invades and begins growing within the host. Disease: Results only if and when normal tissue function is impaired. The body has defense mechanisms to prevent infection (i.e. burns, skin lesions). Chapter 34. “Never grow . a wishbone . where your backbone ought to be” . -Clementine . Paddleford. Origin of . Tetrapods. First . tetrapods. diverged 365 million years ago . (________). ________________________and shallow inland lakes with muddy bottoms likely selected for early . Aims:. After this lesson you will have a better understanding of how bacteria can spread between people and objects and the importance of vigilant hygiene in a healthcare setting. You will cover: . How bacteria infections can spread from person to person  .