2 nd lecture: Gene structure
by Dr Susan A Ibrahim What is a gene A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a molecule that has a function During gene expression the DNA is first copied into RNA The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function The transmission of genes to an organisms offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic trait These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes many different genes as well as geneenvironment interactions Some genetic traits are instantly visible such as eye color or number of limbs and some are not such as blood type risk for specific diseases or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that constitute life
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