Gallipoli

April 25 1915January 9 1916 Strategic Context In October 1914 Turkey enters World War I on the side of Germany and AustriaHungary against the Allied coalition of Britain France Russia and Serbia The immediate result is the closing of the Dardanelles Straights through which aid to Russia flows Britain and France experiencing heavy casualties with little success against Germany on the Western Front begin to consider options to outflank the enemy strategically such as a offensive through the Balkans and Turkey Allied admirals claim that Allied battleships can force the Dardanelles thus reopening supply lines to Russia and bombarding the Turkish capital of Constantinople with their powerful guns The Allied navies do not get an opportunity to test what sort of effect this may have as Turkish mines and coastal batteries repel the Allied fleet The Allies thus plan an invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula proper under the command of Sir Ian Hamilton However the Allied naval attack forces the Turkish General Staff to reinforce its Gallipoli defenses it activates a single army under Otto Liman von Sanders an officer in Turkey as part of the German military mission

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