PPT-Entropy, Enthalpy and Spontaneous Reactions!

Entropy S Ethalpy H and Gibbs Free Energy G What do we know about chemical reactions We can write chemical reactions and show how atoms and molecules come together to form products We can determine the energy change in a chemical reaction . 6.04. What does ‘Spontaneous’ Mean in Chemistry?. A spontaneous change is a change in a system that proceeds without a net input of energy from an outside source.. Needs some activation energy to get started. SCH4U1 . Chapter 7. Equilibrium [noun]. 1. a. :. a state of intellectual or emotional balance . :. . poise. <trying to recover his . equilibrium. > . b. :. a state of adjustment between opposing or divergent influences or . Thermodynamics:. “The laws of thermodynamics describe the essential role of energy and explain and predict the direction of changes in matter. Basic concepts in Big Idea #5. Law of conservation of energy. Enthalpy. Enthalpy (H)is the total amount of energy contained within a substance. Included all forms of energy, kinetic, potential…. Very difficult to measure all forms of energy within a substance, therefore a change in enthalpies is measured whenever a change occurs.. Entropy and Free Energy. Free Energy and Spontaneous Reactions. Many times, the energy (heat) released from a chemical reaction can be used to bring about other changes. This energy is considered to be . calorimetry Enthalpy changes in reactions Calorimetry and heat measurement Hess’s Law Heats of formation Learning objectives • Describe the standard state for thermodynamic functions &# Because . entropy is a state function, . the property is what it is regardless of pathway, the . entropy change for a given reaction can be calculated by taking the difference between the . standard entropy. Chapter 17. Homework. Due with next test. Page 807 . 23-71 . odd. Equations Sheet. Thermodynamics vs. Kinetics. Kinetics deals with . r. ate . of a . reaction, . this depends . on the pathway from reactants to products.. Spontaneous Reaction. A reaction that occurs without outside intervention.. Once it occurs it can be fast or slow.. It can go to completion. (Recall the three products produced :. Precipitate (table F), gas, or water.). Enthalpy . is a state function . (the pathway does not matter) with . the symbol . H. ..  . H . = E . P V. E . is the internal energy of the system, P is the pressure of the system, and V is the volume of the system.. Chapter 19 Free Energy and Thermodynamics Spontaneous vs Nonspontaneous A goal of thermodynamics is to predict the spontaneity of a process Spontaneous process- occurs without ongoing outside intervention Enthalpy . is a state function . (the pathway does not matter) with . the symbol . H. ..  . H . = E + . P V. E . is the internal energy of the system, P is the pressure of the system, and V is the volume of the system.. Section 20.1. Objectives ~. Compare and contrast exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions. Analyze the energy diagrams for typical chemical reactions. Illustrate the meaning of entropy and trace its role in various processes. by. Basharat Jamil. Syllabus. Unit–I : Thermodynamic Relations:. . Maxwell relations, . Clausius-Clapeyron. equation, Joule-Thomson coefficient, Relations involving enthalpy, internal energy, entropy, specific heats, volume expansivity, isothermal and adiabatic compressibility, Ideal and real gas behavior, Real gas equations of state, Generalized charts for: compressibility, changes of enthalpy and entropy at constant temperature, Availability and irreversibility..