PPT-Highly Weathered Soils and Tropical Environments: Opportunities and Constraints

Russell Yost Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu Hawaii Goals Opportunities and Constraints with Highly Weathered Soils Food security High diversity of crop types both annual and perennial relative to temperate crops . Earth System Sensitivities. Peter Cox. Professor of Climate System Dynamics. University of Exeter. How can we constrain . long-term Earth System Projections . using short-term Observations ?. Climate Sensitivity to Doubling CO. Sedzani. . Elia. . Muravha. 12 January 2012. Introduction………………………………………………………….... Characteristics of expansive soils…………………………………... What is soil?. Soil is the layer of loose material on the. earth’s surface. Without soil, we would not. be able to grow crops and plants. . Therefore, there would be no food for. animals or for people. It is therefore a very. Dru. Yates. dru.e.yates@gmail.com. Learning Objectives. List . and describe the 5. . factors of soil formation. List and describe the 4. . soil forming processes. Be familiar with common soil horizons and corresponding lowercase suffixes used to describe these horizons. What is soil? . Soil: A natural body of mineral (non-living) and organic (living) material that forms on the surface of the earth, and is the medium for plant growth.. Forms over time from the decay of plants and organisms on the surface, and the break-down (weathering) of rocks, minerals, and sediments at, and beneath, the surface.. TOPSOIL?. Horizon O. Horizon A. Horizon B. Horizon D or R. 2. Which statement best describes the BEDROCK?. Mixture of sand, silt, and clay. Gravel and cement. Partially weathered rocks. Solid rocks that have not been weathered. CLORPT for short. Soils differ from one part of the world to another, even from one part of a backyard to another. . They differ because of where and how they formed. And over time, five major factors control how a soil forms. These factors are . Soils. We know more about the movement of celestial bodies than about the soil underfoot. . - Leonardo da Vinci. Soil: Definition. Solid earth material that has been altered by physical, chemical and organic processes so that it can support rooted plant life.. Russell Yost. 1. , . Bao-Shen. Li. 2. , Prof. . Xiaolin. Li. 2. , ZuChao. 3. 1. Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences. University of Hawai`i at . Manoa. Honolulu, Hawai`i. 2. China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. Soils differ from one part of the world to another, even from one part of a backyard to another. . They differ because of where and how they formed. And over time, five major factors control how a soil forms. These factors are . Most forests are not too . hot. , or not too . cold. , and have moderate amounts of precipitation. . ALFISOL. Moderately Weathered. SPODOSOL. Sandy, Acidic. There are two main types of forests. . Pine forests have ashy white layers (. Soil Types. 12 Soil Orders. Soil Orders in US. World View. ALFISOL. Moderately Weathered. ANDISOL. Volcanic ash. ARIDISOL. Very Dry. ENTISOL. Newly Formed. Gelisol. Frozen. HISTOSOL. Organic, Wet. INCEPTISOL. of the sugar industry land use. Raisa . Gracheva. , Igor . Zamotaev. , . Yulia. . Konoplyanikova. , and Elena . Belonovskaya. Institute of Geography of Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow Russia . gracheva@igras.ru. Knowing where modem carbonates occur, what they . are composed of, and what their controls are is . essen. - . tial. for evaluating . microfacies. data. The objectives of . this chapter are to summarize the settings and environ- .