PPT-Lecture No.2 Aldehyde, Ketone, and carboxylic acids

Lecture No2 Aldehyde Ketone and carboxylic acids List of contents Aldehyde Ketone and carboxylic acids The carbonyl group Carbonyl Compounds Aldehydes and Ketones Biological Significance of Ketone Bodies. By . Yemi. . Oduwole. What are Flavoring Agents?. Flavoring agents are considered the largest compounds used as . FOOD ADDITIVES. . . Food and beverage applications . of these additives are . not limited to dairy, fruit, nut, seafood, spice blends, vegetables and . 2. Introduction. The functional group of carboxylic acids consists of a C=O with -OH bonded to the same carbon.. Carboxyl group is usually written -COOH.. Aliphatic acids have an alkyl group bonded to -COOH.. Chapter 18. Carboxylic Acids. In this chapter, we study carboxylic acids, another class of organic compounds containing the carbonyl group.. The functional group of a carboxylic acid is a . carboxyl group. Alcohols. Ethanol. Ethanol is produced from the fermentation of glucose. Glucose is often derived from the hydrolysis of more complex carbohydrates. (C. 6. H. 10. O. 5. ). n. + nH. 2. O . . nC. 6. 17-1. The aldehyde function takes precedence over the ketone group in nomenclature.. Simpler aldehydes often retain their common names. These are constructed by dropping the –. ic. or –. oic. . And. Their Derivatives. Chem. 108. Chapter . 10. 1. Carboxylic acids . are strong organic acids which contain . the . carboxyl group . (. -COOH, -CO. 2. H. ). Carboxylic acids . are classified as . Assistance Lecturer . Amjad. Ahmed . Jumaa. IUPAC names of carboxylic acids . Reactions of the carboxylic acids. Aldehydes and ketones. 1. Nomenclature of the carboxylic acids: . 1-Common names:. Aliphatic carboxylic acids:. Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution. 2. Carboxylic Acids and . Their Derivatives. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives:. Acid Halides. Acid Anhydrides. Types of anhydrides. :. Cyclic esters. Types of amides. Cyclic amides. L.O. . -know . some uses of esters, including natural esters, soaps and . biodiesel. -recognise . carboxylic acids as weak acids and know their reaction with carbonates. - know the esterification reaction and the hydrolysis reaction, recognise these as . RCOOH and . ArCOOH. Functional Group =. O. C -OH. Common Names…. 1C – Formic Acid (. Methanoic. Acid). From Formaldehyde (. methanal. ). . 2C – Acetic Acid (. Ethanoic. Acid). From Acetaldehyde (. Ajeet. Kumar. The entry of acetyl CoA. into the citric acid cycle depends on the availability of . oxaloacetate. .. The concentration of . oxaloacetate is lowered. if carbohydrate is unavailable (. Aldehyde, Ketone, and Carboxylic acids.. Functional Groups Reactivity. :. Functional groups play a significant role in increasing organic compound reactivity, by controlling the direction of the reactions.. . Aldehyde. , Ketone, and carboxylic acids. Functional group. In . most organic compounds, atom or group of atoms arrange within a molecule to give a compound new chemical, and physical properties. . Blood . ketone level. : . E. nsure adequate hydration!. 0.1-0.6 mmol/l – normal insulin with correction for high BM . 0.6-1.5 . mmol/l – 10% of total daily dose as additional rapid insulin. 1.5-3.0 mmol/l – 20% of total daily dose as additional rapid .