Syntax Syntax is the ordering of words into patterns and phrases These terms are helpful when discussing poetic syntax Caesura Enjambment Endstopped Caesura a pause usually near the middle of a line of verse usually indicated by the sense of the line and often greater than the normal pa ID: 776230
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Slide1
Poetic ANalysis
Syntax, Rhyme, Rhythm, Diction, figurative language
Slide2Syntax
Syntax is the ordering of words into patterns and phrases
These terms are helpful when discussing poetic syntax:
Caesura
Enjambment
End-stopped
Slide3Caesura
a pause, usually near the middle of a line of verse, usually indicated by the sense of the line, and often greater than the normal pause
.
Example: “To err is human, to forgive divine”
Slide4Enjambment
the continuation of the sense and grammatical construction from one line of poetry to the next
A thing of beauty is a joy forever:
Its loveliness increases; it will never
Pass into nothingness but still will keep
A bower quiet for us, and asleep
Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing
Slide5End-Stopped
a line with a pause at the
end
Example:
True
ease in writing comes from Art, not Chance,
As those move easiest who have
learn’d
to dance.
Slide6Rhyme
close similarity or identity of sound between accented syllables occupying corresponding positions in two or more lines of verse
Slide7Rhyme Scheme
The way rhymes are arranged in a poem
Slide88
Rhyming Patterns
Poets can choose from a variety of different rhyming patterns.(See next four slides for examples.)
AA
BB
– lines
1 & 2
rhyme and lines
3 & 4
rhyme
A
B
A
B
– lines
1 & 3
rhyme and lines
2 & 4
rhyme
A
BB
A
– lines
1 & 4
rhyme and lines
2 & 3
rhyme
A
B
C
B
– lines
2 & 4
rhyme and lines
1
&
3
do not rhyme
Slide99
AABB Rhyming Pattern
Snow makes whiteness where it falls.The bushes look like popcorn balls.And places where I always play,Look like somewhere else today. By Marie Louise Allen
First Snow
Slide1010
ABAB Rhyming Pattern
I love noodles. Give me oodles.Make a mound up to the sun.Noodles are my favorite foodles.I eat noodles by the ton.By Lucia and James L. Hymes, Jr.
Oodles of Noodles
Slide1111
ABBA Rhyming Pattern
Let me fetch sticks,Let me fetch stones,Throw me your bones,Teach me your tricks. By Eleanor Farjeon
From “Bliss”
Slide1212
ABCB Rhyming Pattern
The alligator chased his tailWhich hit him in the snout;He nibbled, gobbled, swallowed it,And turned right inside-out. by Mary Macdonald
The Alligator
Slide13Devices of Sound
Poetry is meant to be read and heardThere are many devices that poets use to add qualities that can be heard in poetry
Rhythm
Repetition
Alliteration
Consonance
assonance
Slide14alliteration
the repetition of identical or similar consonant sounds, normally at the beginnings of words
Gnus never knew pneumonia
Slide15consonance
the repetition of similar consonant sounds in a group of words
Add and read
Bill and ball
Burn and born
Slide16Assonance
The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds
A land laid waste with all its young men slain
Slide17Rhythm
the recurrence of stressed and unstressed syllables
The presence of rhythmic patterns lends both pleasure and heightened emotional response to the listener or reader
“To be or not to be”
Slide18Diction
The way the author uses words in a literary work
Formal: the level of usage common in serious books and formal discourseInformal: the level of usage found in the relaxed but polite conversation of people
Colloquial:
the everyday usage of a group, possibly including terms and constructions accepted in that group but not universally acceptable
)
Slang:
a group of newly coined words which are not acceptable for formal usage as yet
Slide19Figurative Language
Writing that used words to mean something other than their literal meaning
Types we will be discussing:
Simile
Metaphor
Hyperbole
Personification
Apostrophe
Slide20Simile
Compares two things using “like” or “as”
Examples:
My Love is like a fever
The winter wind is like a howling wolf
Slide21Metaphor
A direct comparison of one thing to another unlike thing
Examples:
My love is a fever
The wind is a howling wolf
Slide22Hyperbole
A deliberate, frequently outrageous and extravagant, exaggeration
"I'll love you, dear, I'll love you till China and Africa meet,
And the river jumps over the mountain
And the salmon sing in the street,
I'll love you till the ocean
Is folded and hung up to dry
And the seven stars go squawking
Like geese about the sky."
Slide23Personification
A kind of metaphor that gives inanimate objects or ideas humanlike qualities
I’d love to take a poem to lunch
But I was going to say when Truth broke in
With all her matter-of-fact about the ice-storm
Slide24Apostrophe
Someone (usually not present), something, or some abstract idea is directly addressed as though they were present or could hear
Papa Above!
Regard a Mouse.
-
Emily Dickinson
Milton! Thou
shouldst
be living in this hour;
England hath need of thee . . ..
-William Wordsworth