Political Issues Chapter 25 India Religious Conflict and Terrorism in India Religious Conflict and Terrorism in India Since the 1947 Partition of India and Pakistan there has been religious tensions in India between the Hindus and Muslims and the Hindus and Sikhs ID: 549630
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Slide1
2017 Modern South Asia PowerPoint
Political IssuesSlide2
Chapter 25 IndiaSlide3
Religious Conflict and Terrorism in IndiaSlide4
Religious Conflict and Terrorism in India
Since the 1947 Partition of India and Pakistan, there has been religious tensions in India between the Hindus and Muslims and the Hindus and Sikhs.
Examples of Terrorism Between Hindus and Muslims in India:
1990
- Muslim separatist groups begin campaign of violence in Kashmir.
1992
- Hindu extremists demolish mosque in
Ayodhya
, triggering widespread Hindu-Muslim violence.
2001
December
- India imposes sanctions against Pakistan, to force it to take action against two Kashmir militant groups blamed for the suicide attack on parliament. Pakistan retaliates with similar sanctions, and bans the groups in January.
2002 February
- Inter-religious bloodshed breaks out after 59 Hindu pilgrims returning from
Ayodhya
are killed in a train fire in
Godhra
, Gujarat. More than 1,000 people, mainly Muslims, die in subsequent violence. Police and officials blamed the fire on a Muslim mob, but a 2005 government investigation said it was an accident. In 2012 a court convicts 32 people over the
Naroda
Patiya
riots in Ahmedabad
.
2006
11 July
- More than 180 people are killed in bomb attacks on rush-hour trains in Mumbai. Investigators blame Islamic militants based in Pakistan
.Slide5
1992 Destruction of MosqueSlide6
1992 RiotsSlide7
Examples of Religious Terrorism in India between Hindus and Muslims
2007 May
- At least nine people are killed in a bomb explosion at the main mosque in Hyderabad. Several others are killed in subsequent rioting.
2008 July
- Series of explosions kills 49 in Ahmedabad, in Gujarat state. The little-known militant Islamist group Indian
Mujahideen
claims
responsibility.
2008
November
- Nearly 200 people are killed and hundreds injured in a series of
co-ordinated
attacks by gunmen on the main tourist and business area of India's financial capital Mumbai. India blames militants from Pakistan for the attacks and demands that Islamabad act against those responsible.
2010
September
- Allahabad High Court rules that the disputed holy site of
Ayodhya
should be divided between Hindus and Muslims; the destruction of a mosque on the site by Hindu extremists in 1992 led to rioting in which about 2,000 people died. Slide8
2008 Mumbai AttacksSlide9
Examples of Religious Terrorism Between Hindus and Sikhs in India
The tensions between the Hindus and Sikhs have resulted in:
1984
- Troops storm Golden Temple - Sikhs' most holy shrine - to flush out Sikh militants pressing for self-rule.
1984
- Indira Gandhi assassinated by Sikh bodyguards, following which her son, Rajiv, takes over. Slide10Slide11
Nuclear Weapons---India and PakistanSlide12
Have To Go To YouTube To Watch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zcI6u6oTCw
How Powerful Is India?
Seeker
Daily
Published
on Oct 17, 2014
Running
Time of 3:23 Minutes
India
is the second most populated country in the world, but a headcount like that doesn't necessarily mean they possess formidable military force. So how much power does India really have? Is this rapidly growing nation a threat to other countries?Slide13
Have To Go To YouTube To Watch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DAlbIwwxVCw
How Powerful Is Pakistan?
Seeker
Daily
Published
on Mar 30, 2015
Running
Time of 3:12 Minutes
Pakistan
is the only Muslim country to possess nuclear weapons technology and has become a relevant player in international politics. So, just how powerful is Pakistan?Slide14
Chapter 26 Pakistan and BangladeshSlide15
Civil War between Pakistan and BangladeshSlide16
Causes of Civil War
They
were separated by nearly 1,600 km of Indian land, spoke different languages (Urdu in the West, Bangla in the East) and had different cultural histories.
As the capital city was in West Pakistan, the East thought that the country was being unfairly ruled.
Finally, the government declared that 'Urdu and only Urdu' would be the national language of all Pakistan.
This
was a language that virtually no one in East Pakistan spoke.Slide17
Over 1,000
miles between the 2 regions
Muslim, but different
cultures
T
he West area dominated the political ways of the country
.
Split
into Pakistan & Bangladesh 1971Slide18
After India sent troops to support East Pakistan, Pakistan was forced to accept the independence of the East—now called Bangladesh.
The history of other nations in South Asia has been as turbulent as that of India. Today, those nations face a range of challenges.
1947, Pakistan created in two parts, West and East
Separate areas, deep differences in language, religion, culture
Government policies, spending favored West, East remained poor
Civil War in Pakistan
Challenges in South Asia
1971, East Pakistan decided to seek independence
Pakistani government responded with armed force
Civil war followed, thousands of people died
India Joins the BattleSlide19
The Guinness Book of Records lists the Bangladesh Genocide as one of the top 5 genocides in the 20th century.Slide20
Have To Go To YouTube To Watch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHfz_U-cXxI
Why Do Pakistan And Bangladesh Hate Each Other?
Seeker
Daily
Published
on Jan 24, 2016
Running
Time of 2:53 Minutes
Pakistan
and Bangladesh have had rocky relations since Britain ended its rule in the region in 1947. So why don't the countries get along?Slide21
Current State of Pakistan and BangladeshSlide22
Pakistan has also faced instability since civil war
Ethnic, religious conflicts common
Disagreements about role of Islam in government
Many leaders have taken power; some elected, some through military coups
Instability in Pakistan
One of poorest, most densely populated countries in the world
Only a few feet above sea level, devastating floods, storms often sweep across country, killing many, leading to widespread famine
Series of governments since independence
Now trying to build stable democracy
Troubles in Bangladesh
Bangladesh and PakistanSlide23
Pakistani Government and History of Political InstabilitySlide24
Politics
Pakistan goes back and forth from being a democracy and being ruled by a military dictator after a coup.
Pakistani politics have a tradition of being underhanded, violent, and volatile.Slide25
A Pattern of Instability
Many different governments rule Pakistan, non achieve stability
Benazir Bhutto
leads Pakistan in 1980s and 1990s but is ousted. The military now rules.
Bhutto is assassinated in 2007.
U.S. President George W. Bush condemned the assassination in a 27 December press conference.Slide26
Pakistan Politics
Jinnah (1947)>>
<<Zulfikar Bhutto (1973-77)
Benazir Bhutto>> (1988-90, 93-96)
<< Musharraf (1999-2008)
Sharif (1990-93, 97-99)
Zardari (now)Slide27
History of Pakistan’s Political Leaders
1948: Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founding father of Pakistan, dies
1951: Jinnah’s successor,
Liaquat
Ali Khan is assassinated.
1956: Constitution proclaims Pakistan as Islamic Republic.
1958: General Ayyub Khan becomes president.
1969: General
Yahya
Khan takes over in a coup.
1973: Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (Benazir’s father) becomes PM.
1979: General Zia
ul-Haq
overthrows and hangs Bhutto in a military coup & becomes president. Daughter Benazir goes into exile, returns in 1986.
1988: Gen. Zia dies in mysterious plane crash. Bhutto’s Pakistan’s Peoples Party wins election & she becomes PM.
1990: Benazir Bhutto is dismissed as PM on charges of incompetence & corruption.Slide28
History of Pakistan’s Leaders Continued
1991: PM Nawaz Sharif begins economic liberalization.
1993: PM Sharif resigns under pressure from military. General election brings Bhutto back to power.
1996: President
Leghari
dismisses Bhutto’s government amid corruption allegations.
1996: Nawaz Sharif returns as PM after his Pakistan Muslim League wins elections.
1999: Bhutto and her husband are convicted of corruption and sentenced. Benazir flees to exile. Later that year Sharif is overthrown by General Pervez Musharraf in a military coup.
2002: Musharraf grants himself new powers including the right to dismiss parliament.
2007: Bhutto’s and Sharif’s parties protest Musharraf. Musharraf takes over media and communication networks.
2008: Musharraf forced to step down in face of impeachment
2011: Musharraf indicted for assassination of Benazir BhuttoSlide29
Threat of Taliban to PakistanSlide30
Taliban Connections Rooted in Pakistan
The Taliban emerged as a powerful movement in late 1994 when Pakistan chose the Taliban to guard a convoy trying to open a trade route from Pakistan to Central Asia.
With Pakistan providing weapons, military training, and financial support, the Taliban gained control over several Afghan cities and successfully captured Kabul in September 1996Slide31
Taliban Connections to Pakistan
Pakistani support for the Taliban is based on strong religious and ethnic bonds between the Taliban and Pakistan, especially with the tribal areas on the North-West borders of Pakistan.
Most of the Taliban’s leaders were educated in refugee camps in Pakistan where they had escaped the Soviet invasion.
Taliban militants are Sunni Muslim Pashtuns, and Pashtuns constitute thirteen percent of the total population of Pakistan.
Pashtuns dominate the Pakistani military and are concentrated in the
North-West Frontier province
, which was the command center for the Mujahedeen groups fighting the Soviet troops and a major destination for the Afghan refugees Slide32
Pakistani Taliban Numbers
There are about 40 militant groups with a combined membership between 30,000 and 35,000.
They are decentralized and do not always agree.
They use social networks to recruit, raise funds, and to harass people.Slide33
Have To Go To YouTube To Watch
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=fvfAPiJx_K4
What Does The Taliban Want In Pakistan?
Seeker Daily
Published
on Jan 8, 2015
Running Time of 3:10 Minutes
Last month, the Pakistani Taliban attacked a school in Peshawar and killed 132 children. This is one of the largest attacks the nation has ever seen. Who are the Pakistani Taliban and what exactly are their motives?Slide34
Taliban and MalalaSlide35
MalalaSlide36
Malala was born July 12
th
1997 in Mingora, Pakistan. She lived with her parents who later had two sons.
For
the first few years of her life, her hometown remained a popular tourist spot that was known for its summer festivals
.
However, the area began to change as the Taliban tried to take control.Slide37
In the area Malala lived, known as the Swat Valley, the Taliban, at times, banned girls from attending school.
Malala spoke out for the right of children, of girls in a place where some people believe that girls should not go to school.
She
attended a school that her
father had
founded.
After
the Taliban began attacking girls' schools in Swat, Malala gave a speech in Peshawar, Pakistan, in September 2008.
The
title of her talk was, "How dare the Taliban take away my basic right to education?"Slide38
In 2009, Malala begin to write a blog under a different name. She wrote about life under the Taliban rule and shared her views on promoting education for girls.
As a result of the World Wide Web, she gained interest from all around the world.
Malala began to rise in prominence and gave interviews. She took on the role of chairperson of the District Child Assembly Swat
.Slide39
On the 9
th
October 2012, aged 15, Malala was shot by the Taliban whilst returning home on the school bus. Malala was immediately airlifted to Pesawar where they removed the bullet from near her spinal cord.
She was later taken to a hospital in London for further treatment.
In the days after the attack, she was in a critical condition but later her she began to make a good recovery.Slide40
Malala was awarded the International Peace Prize of 2014.
Malala said, having been awarded the prize, “My message to children all around the world is that they should stand up for their rights.”Slide41
Have To Go To YouTube To Watch
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXvs1vwiD0M
Malala Yousafzai, 16, and Her Miraculous Story of Surviving Being Shot by the Taliban
ABC News
Published
on Oct 11,
2013
Running Time of 4:40 Minutes
Youngest nominee of the Nobel Peace Prize was shot in the head fighting for girls' education.